1944 · CLOSE READING
The Book of Thoth
The Book of Thoth (1944), PDF p. 56
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was hidden in the “thigh” (i.e., the phallus) of Zeus. Hera, in revenge for her husband’s infidel‐
ity with Semele, drove the boy mad. This is the direct connection with the card.
The legend of Bacchus is, first of all, that he was Diphues, double‐natured, and this ap‐
pears to mean more bisexual than hermaphroditic. His madness is also a phase of his intoxica‐
tion, for he is pre‐eminently the god of the vine. He goes dancing through Asia, surrounded by
various companions, all insane with enthusiasm; they carry staffs headed with pine cones and
entwined with ivy; they also clash cymbals, and in some legends are furnished with swords, or
twined about with serpents. All the half‐gods of the forest are the male companions of the
Maenad women. In his pictures his drunken face, and the languid state of his lingam, connect
him with the legend already mentioned about the crocodile. His constant attendant is the ti‐
ger; and, in all the best extant examples of the card, the tiger or panther is represented as
jumping upon him from behind, while the crocodile is ready to devour him in front. In the leg‐
end of his journey through Asia, he is said to have ridden on an ass, which connects him with
Priapus, who is said to have been his son by Aphrodite. It also reminds one of the triumphal
entry into Jerusalem on Palm Sunday. It is curious, too, that, at the fabled birth of Jesus, the
Virgin Mother is represented as being between an ox and an ass, and one remembers that the
letter Aleph means Ox.
In the worship of Bacchus there was a representative of the god, and he was chosen for
his quality as a young and virile, but effeminate man. In the course of the centuries, the wor‐
ship naturally became degraded; other ideas joined themselves to the original form; and,
partly because of the orgiastic character of the ritual, the idea of the Fool took definite shape.
Hence, he came to be represented with a Fool’s cap, evidently phallic, and clad in motley,
which again recalls the coat of many colours worn by Jesus, and by Joseph. This symbolism is
not only Mercurial, but Zodiacal; Joseph and Jesus, with twelve brothers or twelve disciples,
equally represent the sun in the midst of the twelve signs. It was only very much later that any
alchemical significance was attributed to this, and that at a time when the Renaissance schol‐
ars made rather a point of finding something serious and important in symbols which were, in
reality, quite frivolous.
Baphomet.
There is no doubt that this mysterious figure is a magical image of this same idea, de‐
veloped in so many symbols. Its pictorial correspondence is most easily seen in the figures of
Zeus Arrhenothelus and Babalon, and in the extraordinarily obscene representations of the
Virgin Mother which are found among the remains of early Christian iconology. The subject is
dealt with at considerable length in Payne Knight, where the origin of the symbol and the
meaning of the name is investigated. Von Hammer‐Purgstall was certainly right in supposing
Baphomet to be a form of the Bull‐god, or rather, the Bull‐slaying god, Mithras; for Baphomet
should be spelt with an “r” at the end; thus it is clearly a corruption meaning “Father Mithras”.
There is also here a connection with the ass, for it was as an ass‐headed god that he became
an object of veneration to the Templars.
The Early Christians also were accused of worshipping an ass or ass‐headed god, and
this again is connected with the wild ass of the wilderness, the god Set, identified with Saturn
and Satan. (See infra, Atu XV.) He is the South, as Nuit is the North: the Egyptians had a Desert
and an Ocean in those quarters.
Summary.
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